Internal-combustion engine



Aug. 27, 1946. M. WARE INTERNAL-COMBSTION ENGINE 2 Shefets-Sheet 1 FiledFeb. 26. 1940 KTM @l Fig. 4.

f INVENTOR Marsden Wre,

v 7M' ATToRNEY;

-Aug.27,1946.4 M. `WARE y 2,406,446

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 26,` 1940 2 sheets-shet 2 avg I?,

pig@ I/ nvvENToR. Marsden were ATTORNEYS' Patented Aug. 27, 19462,406,446 l NTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Marsden Ware, Huntin gwn Woods,Michl, as-

signor to Packard Motor Car Company, De:

-troit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application February 26, 1940,vSerial No. 320,798

4 Claims. 1

This invention relates to engines and more pars ticularly to engines ofthe fuel injection type.

Fuel injectors are usually arranged to extend through a Wall of enginecylinders in order that the fuel can be sprayed into air charges in thecombustion chambers. Heat, resulting from com# pression of the aircharges in the cylinders and from combustion, Will cause the injectorsand their securing means to expand even though a cooling system isemployed. The injector is usually clamped tightly against a cylinderwall and temperature changes act to loosen the engagement of theinjector with the cylinder Wall due to differences in the coeilicient ofexpansion of the injectors and their securing means. When the injectorsbecome loose there will be leakage from the cylinders thus reducingcompression pressure and allowing escape of at least a portion of thefuel and air charges.

An object of the invention is to improve the operation of engines byproviding an air system for efficiently cooling fuel injectors, theirsecuring means and the heads of the cylinders with which they areassociated.

A further lobject of the invention is to improve the operation of aninjection type of engine by the provision of deflector means fordirecting air in streams over the major portion of the cylinder headsand the injectors secured thereto.

Other objects of the invention will appear frem the followingdescription taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part ofthe speciiication, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of one cylinder of an engine with the Cowlingring removed;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the cylinder .and air deector structuretaken on line 3 3 vof Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the head end of a cylinder having amodified `form of air deflector means;

Fig, 5 is a plan view of the modiedform of the invention shown in Fig,4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. `5;

Fig. 7 is another sectional View taken on line 'l-l of Fig. 5

The invention is shown associated with one cylinder of van engine havinga cylinder block I0 terminating in a anged end 9 on which a headstructure II is seated. In Figs. l to 3 inclusive, this cylinder headstructure is cast as an integral unit and in Figs. 4 to '7, inclusive,the cylinder head is a .sectional structure comprising a central portionformed of material such as aluminum and a ring 8 formed of steel orsimilar material that is threaded interiorly and screwed upon the innersection. The provision of a steel ring reinforces the head structure sothat it is capable of Withstanding greater loads than when the strutcureis formed entirely of aluminum. The head 4structaure in both forms ofthe invention is secured to the cylinder iiange 9 by meansof studs I2screwed into the cylinder flange and nuts 9' that are screwed on theouter ends of studs.v The head structure and cylinder sho-Wn in Figs. l.to 3, inclusive, are each provided with a plurality oi circumferentialcooling fins I.3 and similar fins can be provided on the cylinder shownin Figs,V l to 7, inclusive, if desired. A conventional piston ,I4 isarranged in the usual manner Within the cylinder and has a depressedrend that cooperates With the end of the cylinder head to form acombustion chamber I 5.

An opening IS extends through the central portion of the head Wall andis similar in form` to the outlet end of a fuel injector l1 thateXterldS therethrough, The opening has a conical wall portion I3 againstwhich the injector shoulder I9 seats and seals. The head Wall is alsoformed with a.

central well 20 through which the nozzle ex-Y tends, and a .pai-r ofbosses 2| projects from the head Wallat the bottom 0f the well a desireddistance into the well and is oppositely disposed adjacent the injector.The injectoris formed 'with :a pair of apertured flanges 22 arranged t0align with the bosses yin the Well. The apertures in the flanges receivestuds '23 which Vare suitably an.- chored in the bosses and nuts 24 areapplied to the studs to tightly clamp the `injector shouldersY I9against the seat I 8 in the head wall. The studs are formed of materialthat will compensa-te for difference in expansion caused by temperaturedifferences of the studs and injectors, and in the present instance theyhave substantially the same coenicient of vexpansion as the injector. Asthe studs are parallel with the injector in an axial direction, axialexpansion and contraction of the securing means and the injector will becompensated for under all engine heat conditionsso that a tight -iit ofthe injector against the head wall seat is maintained.

The major vportion of the `injector lies With-ill the engine head wellin :order to reduce the overall diameter of the engine taken axiallythrough cylinders, and some form of cooling System for the injectorportion within the Well Ais desirable to lower the injector vtemperature and .the head Structure temperature under engine operatingconditions. In the illustrated forms of the invention, deiiector meansis associated with the head structure to direct streams of air into andthrough the Well. In this connection a plurality of radially extendingfins 25 are thermally associated with the outer face of the end wall ofthe head structure. In Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, these fins are castintegral with the Vhead structure while with the cylinder shown 'in'Figs4 to 7 the fins are formed of sheet metal and are fixed in groovesformed in the central section of the head structure. In Fig. 3 the finsextend from adjacent the injector to the periphery of Ythecylinder headbut terminate in the well a desired distance above the bottom thereof.In the form of cylinder shown in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, the iins areof varying length in a radial direction and some of them are formed withcurved ends as indicated at 25, the

curved portions extending in directions to act as scoops for guiding airinto the well. Semi-circular fins 21 project from the bottom of thewellin a'directiori fore and aft of thev engine and beneath thelowe'rextremity of the portions of the fins 25 projecting into the well. Inthe modified form of the invention the Vfins 25 are associated only withthe inner section ofthe head and terminate short of the applied ring 8.Y

'Ihe deflector means is associated with the cylinder head and fins 25 ina` relation to provide paths through which air must flow into and out ofthe well to absorb heatfromV the head structure, the injector and theinjector securing means. This deflector means, as shown in- Fig. 3, isin the form of a sheet metal collar or funnel 2B formed to surroundthe'upper portion of the injector il `and similar in shape to the upperinner terminals of thens 25. This funnel is seated against the fins andprojects a short distance into the well so that air will be deflectedbetween the front hns, into the forward portion of the well, across thewell and then outA of the well from between the rear ns. In other words,this funnel 23 forms a closure for the top and a portionof the innerterminals of the fins that will deflect the airrthere- V beneath intothe forward part of the well and out of the rear portion of the well.The fins 21 are arranged in fore and aft direction to assist in guidingthe air from the front to the rear of the well and they also serve ascooling means for the y head'wall. The portion of the nozzle in the wellbeneath the collar 28 can be provided with suitable cooling ns'29 in thepath of air travel.

These fins asshown in Fig. 3 extend radially while in Fig. 6 they extendaxially of the injector. A gasket 38 is arranged between the outerflanged end 3| of the collar and engine cowl 32 and suitable means canbe utilized to removably secure the collar and cowl together. With thisform of the invention, air will flow across the head structure instreams defined by the twoV fins, the collar and the cylinder headstructure.

In the form ofthe invention shown in Figs. 4 to 7,vinclusive,'a collarmember 23, similar generally to that Vjust referred to, is employed butit :projects further into the well and is considerably spaced from theinjector. In this instance the collar member fits against inner andupper edge portions of the ns 25 but continues'outwardly of the AWell'tothe outer edgeof the head where it is yanchored on the studs l2 andrests on nuts 9.

Spacer elements 33 are arranged between the nuts 9A and the collar andthe collar is secured by nuts 33' .threaded on the ends of the studs.forward half of this collar has an extension shield 34 that projectsoutwardly from the cylinder head v into the bottom of the well. Thecover rests on spacers 34 that are seated on the funnel and telescopethe studs I2. The rear section of this cover is closed upon the funnelwhile the forward portion of the cover has an extension 35 that flaresupwardly and forms a mouth 3l for the cooling air. IIhis flared mouthportion of the coverv overlies the extension closure portion 34 of thefunnel.

The direction of air iiowV into and out of the*`V well is shown byarrows in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings. -Air enters the space betweenthe funnel and cover through the forwardly extending Y mouth 31 and itvpasses Ydown through the funnel, f

absorbing heat from the nozzle and the securing means, and into thebottom of the well from which it iiows in streams through paths `formedby the' iins- 25, the funnel 28 and the wall forming the well. AirA intravelling out of the well passes rear-V wardly into the funnel 28 andinto the well from which itflows outwardly through the open ends of theshield 34 or through the space betweenthej funnel andthe cylinder head.`

In both forms of the invention air circulationY through the well in the'head of the cylinderis controlled in the direction of its flow andvwill abrsorb heat from the injector, the injector securing means and thehead of the cylinder. Inthis man' ner temperature is reduced duringoperation y of the engine so that the engine eciency is there-VY byimproved. The injector securing means is such that a tight joint betweenthe injector and the cylinder head will be maintained under all engineoperating conditions. V

Although the invention has been Vdescribed in connection with a specificembodiment, the prin-` ciples involved are susceptible of numerous otherapplications which will readily occur to persons'V skilled in the art.The invention is therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scopeof the appended claims.

What is claimed is: 1 1. In an engine, a cylinder head having a well(extending inwardly thereof in an axial direction, Y

a plurality of ns extending 'radiallyr in the well andV xed to the head,said fins projecting outwardly Yof the well beyond the outer wall `ofAthe head, a collarV projectingpart way-into the well and contacting theinner edges ofthe fins, said collar having a flared outer end seatedagainst the edges of the ns projecting beyondV the head, the forwardportion of the flared outerl end of the collar extending beyondthefperiphery,

of the head and bent downwardly below the portions of the finsprojecting beyond the cylinder. head, a fuel injection nozzle fixed inthe well and projecting into and in spaced relation with the.

collar, and a cover enclosing the ared end of the collar, said coverhaving a forward portion spaced. above the collar to form an air inletmouth therebetween.

2. In an engine, a cylinder head having a wellf extending inwardlythereof in an axialV direction,V a plurality of radially extending finsinthe well,r fixed to the head, lsaid fins projecting outwardly' of thewell beyond the outer wall of the head, a collar projecting part Wayinto the Well and contacting the inner edgeskk of the fins, said collarhaving a flared outer end seated against the edges of the ns projectingbeyond the head, the forward portion of the flared collar end beingextended downwardly beyondthe end of the cylinder head to shield thespace rearwardly thereof,

a fuel injection nozzle xed in the Well and projecting into and inspaced relation with the collar, and a cover on the flared end of thecollar having a portion forming an air inlet mouth at its forward endthrough which air passes into the collar. c

3. In an engine, a cylinder head having a well extending inwardlythereof in an axial direction, a plurality cf radially extending fins inthe well fixed to the head, said fins projecting outwardly of the wellbeyond the outer wall of the head, the forward portion of thearedcollar'end extending downwardly beyond the end of the cylinder head toshield the space rearwardly thereof from the entrance of outside air, acollar projecting part Way into the well and contactingthe inner edgesof the ns, said collar having a ared outer end seated against the edgesof the ns projecting beyond the head, a fuel injection nozzle fixed `inthe well and projecting into and in spaced relation with the collar, anda cover enclosing the lrear portion of the end of the collar/and having4. In an engine, a cylinder head having a well v extending'inwardlythereof in an axial direction, a plurality of radially extending fins inthe Well xed to the head, said ns projecting outwardly of the wellbeyond the outer end wall of the head, a sheet metal collar projectingpart Way into the Well and contacting the inner edges of the fins, saidcollar having the outer end flared and seated against the edges of thens projecting Vbeyond the head, the forward half of said flared end ofthe collar extending beyond the cylinder headI and` bent downwardly toshield the space rearwardly thereof to prevent the entry of outside airinto such space, a fuel injection nozzle fixed in the well andprojecting into and in spaced relation with the collar, and a coverfixed over the collar having the forward portion thereof spaced abovethe collar to form an inlet mouth through which air passes into theinterior of the collar.

MARSDEN WARE.

